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Sidney Arthur Lumet ( ; June 25, 1924 – April 9, 2011) was an American director, producer and screenwriter with over 50 films to his credit. He was nominated for the Academy Award as Best Director for ''12 Angry Men'' (1957), ''Dog Day Afternoon'' (1975), ''Network'' (1976) and ''The Verdict'' (1982). He did not win an individual Academy Award, but he did receive an Academy Honorary Award and 14 of his films were nominated for various Oscars, such as ''Network'', which was nominated for ten, winning four. ''The Encyclopedia of Hollywood'' states that Lumet was one of the most prolific filmmakers of the modern era, having directed more than one movie a year on average since his directorial debut in 1957.〔 He was noted by Turner Classic Movies for his "strong direction of actors," "vigorous storytelling" and the "social realism" in his best work.〔("TCM Biography" )〕 Film critic Roger Ebert described him as having been "one of the finest craftsmen and warmest humanitarians among all film directors."〔Ebert, Roger. ("Sidney Lumet: In memory" ) ''Chicago Sun Times'', April 9, 2011〕 Lumet was also known as an "actor's director," having worked with the best of them during his career, probably more than "any other director."〔 Sean Connery, who acted in five of his films, considered him one of his favorite directors, and a director who had that "vision thing."〔("Sidney Lumet" ), ''The Sunday Herald'', Scotland, April 10, 2011〕 A member of the maiden cohort of New York's Actors Studio, Lumet began his directorial career in Off-Broadway productions, then became a highly efficient TV director. His first movie was typical of his best work: a well-acted, tightly written, deeply considered "problem picture," ''12 Angry Men'' (1957). From that point on Lumet divided his energies among other idealistic problem pictures along with literate adaptations of plays and novels, big stylish pictures, New York-based black comedies, and realistic crime dramas, including ''Serpico'' and ''Prince of the City''. As a result of directing ''12 Angry Men'', he was also responsible for leading the first wave of directors who made a successful transition from TV to movies. In 2005, Lumet received an Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement for his "brilliant services to screenwriters, performers, and the art of the motion picture." Two years later, he concluded his career with the acclaimed drama ''Before the Devil Knows You're Dead'' (2007). A few months after Lumet's death in April 2011, a retrospective celebration of his work was held at New York's Lincoln Center with the appearance of numerous speakers and film stars.〔Fleming, Mike. ("Lincoln Center Celebrates Sidney Lumet" ), June 27, 2011〕 ==Early years== Lumet was born in Philadelphia. He studied theater acting at the Professional Children's School of New York and Columbia University. Lumet's parents, Baruch and Eugenia (née Wermus) Lumet, were both veterans of the Yiddish theatre. His father, who was an actor, director, producer and writer, was a Polish Jewish emigrant to the United States who was born in Warsaw.〔http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2199p8q5/〕 Lumet's mother, who was a dancer, died when he was a child. He made his professional debut on radio at age four and stage debut at the Yiddish Art Theatre at age five. As a child he also appeared in many Broadway plays,〔 including 1935's ''Dead End'' and Kurt Weill's ''The Eternal Road''. In 1935, aged 11, he appeared in a Henry Lynn short film, ''Papirossen'' (meaning "Cigarettes" in Yiddish), co-produced by radio star Herman Yablokoff. The film was shown in a theatrical play with the same title, based on a hit song, "Papirosn". The play and short film appeared in the Bronx McKinley Square Theatre.〔''Bridge of Light (Yiddish Film Between Two Worlds)'', pp. 208, 209, J. Hoberman, Museum of Modern Art, Published by Shocken Books, 1991, YIVO translations〕 In 1939 he made his only feature-length film appearance, at age 15, in ''One Third of a Nation''.〔Katz, Ephraim. ''The Film Encyclopedia'' (1998) Harper Collins, 856〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sidney Lumet Biography )〕 In 1939, World War II interrupted his early acting career, and he spent three years with the U.S. Army. After returning from World War II service (1942–1946) as a radar repairman stationed in India and Burma, he became involved with the Actors Studio, and then formed his own theater workshop. He organized an Off-Broadway group and became its director, and continued directing in summer stock theatre, while teaching acting at the High School of Performing Arts.〔 He was the senior drama coach at the new 46th St. (Landmark) building of "Performing Arts' ("Fame"). The 25-year-old Lumet directed the drama department in a production of ''The Young and Fair''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sidney Lumet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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